MIkhail Gorbachev and the collapse of comunism

Mikhail Gorbachev basically paved the path for the collapse of the communist rule. He was the youngest ruler since Joseph Stalin. People that were with Mikhail Gorbachev were interested in their youth and energy and political skills. He wanted to pursue new ideas being ruler now and didnt necessarily wanted to follow what Stalin had once put. He saw what past soviet leaders did wrong by following a totalitarian state and not letting the people speak freely. He saw what it did to the country. Instead of just bringing the Soviet Union forward, it would silence the people and just didnt do much to help it. So because of this reason, he made up the policy of glasnost which just means openness. He wanted the people of the Soviet to be heard and bring the country forward. Not only did he make this new policy but he also encouraged citizens to speak up and be heard in improving the Soviet. This policy made things better because it allowed for churches to be open once again, it bought justice and took out innocent people from jail. Not to mention it also un-banned books that were once censored from the people. This new policy also allowed people to openly complain about economic problems as well.
The chain of complaints caused him to make a new policy called Peristrokia. It was basically economic reconstruction of the economic system that was put into place. His plan was to simply improve communism and not to get rid of it. His ideas that were now put in placed helped the soviet Union to escape from communism and slip into a more democratic system. Since people can now speak freely he secretly let the people of the soviet union into their doom of being a democratic state :]

Collapse of COMMUNISM

Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe and in the Soviet Union for many reasons. The collapse of Communism happened during the years of 1989-1991. It all started with President Mikhail Gorbachev not wanting to send more Russian soldiers. So after that little by little, the communist people started to lose their power. It also started to slowly collapse because of the reaction to NATO which was the warsaw pact. These countries started to not agree with communism and started converting into democratic countries. Soon after it was just a wave of reforms and democratic revolutions that soon led to the total collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and in the Soviet Union. The Berlin Wall was sort of a symbol of communism so people that werent into communism anymore pressured East Germany to tear down the Berlin Wall. The Berlin wall was the "iron curtain" that separated the communist countries from the countries that didnt believe in communism. It also separated the countries that were involved in the Warsaw pact and NATO. After the demolishing of the Berlin wall, Germany became unified as one country. It was basically like a domino effect that this had on the other countries and in 1991, this was the official collapse of the communist revolution. The soviet union collapsed and was no longer known as the soviet union it was now known as Russia.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

Apartheid was a system used under Africa used for legal racial segregation. It was mostly in Africa enforced by the SABRA (south African bureau for racial affairs) during the 1930's. This was when the black Africans were under the society of the white Africans. The black Africans were considered lower than the White Africans in their society. It was unfair but it was legal under apartheid. Under these rules, they couldnt interact with other people. For example, the black Africans couldnt communicate with the White Africans. They were not allowed to marry each other or play with each other. It was like in the United States when segregation was taking place. Apartheid was official abolished in 1993. Right before Mandela was voted in for Africans president after being a free country from the British rule.
Nelson Mandela was a guy in Africa that was in jail for most of his life. He got put in jail for going against the Apartheid rule and was sentenced to jail for 27 years. While in jail, he became sort of like a role model to not put up with the Apartheid rule. The government was going to let Mandela spend most of his life in jail but then worried about if Mandela died while in jail. They thought that if he should die in jail, a black African revolution was soon to be followed shortly after his death. After this, they released him in 1990 and thats when he negotiated with the White government of Africa to end apartheid and was then elected as president and he served five years. He is admired because spending so much time in jail he still never stopped fighting for African rights. He never gave up and still had that will power to rule Africa right after he was released from jail.